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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Pregnancy-associated miRNA-clusters.

Diana M Morales-Prieto1, Stephanie Ospina-Prieto, Wittaya Chaiwangyen

  • 1Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany. diana.morales@med.uni-jena.de

Journal of Reproductive Immunology
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy-specific microRNA (miRNA) clusters, including C19MC, C14MC, and miR-371-3, are found in the placenta and maternal plasma. These miRNAs show potential as biomarkers for pregnancy disorders and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Biomarker discovery

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, with specific profiles identified in the placenta and maternal circulation during pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy is associated with unique miRNA clusters, such as the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC), C14MC, and miR-371-3 cluster, located on chromosome 19.
  • These miRNA clusters exhibit coordinated expression, potentially through shared regulatory elements, and play synergistic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pregnancy-related miRNA clusters: C19MC, C14MC, and miR-371-3.
  • To explore their expression, function, and potential applications in pregnancy and other conditions.
  • To highlight their significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pregnancy-related miRNA clusters.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in placental and maternal plasma samples.
  • Investigation of the functional roles and clinical relevance of these miRNA clusters.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy-specific miRNA clusters (C19MC, C14MC, miR-371-3) are expressed in the placenta and detectable in maternal plasma.
  • These clusters contain numerous miRNAs that are predominantly or exclusively expressed during pregnancy.
  • Members of these clusters are implicated as potential biomarkers for pregnancy disorders and are also found in various tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-related miRNA clusters represent a significant area of research with implications for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Their presence in maternal plasma offers a non-invasive window into pregnancy status and potential complications.
  • Targeting these miRNAs or their pathways may lead to novel treatment strategies for pregnancy disorders and other diseases.