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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no movement.
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Appendicular joint dislocations.

Paul Hindle1, Eleanor K Davidson, Leela C Biant

  • 1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom. paulhindle@me.com

Injury
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Joint dislocations and subluxations of the appendicular skeleton are more common than previously thought, with specific age and sex distributions. Incidence varies across socioeconomic statuses, affecting both affluent and deprived groups.

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Published on: August 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Epidemiology
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Joint dislocations and subluxations of the appendicular skeleton are common injuries.
  • Previous estimations of their incidence may be inaccurate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the incidence and epidemiology of joint dislocations and subluxations of the appendicular skeleton.
  • To identify demographic and joint-specific patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of all acute hospital presentations with appendicular skeleton dislocations/subluxations.
  • Defined population over a one-year period (November 2008 - October 2009).

Main Results:

  • Overall incidence of 157/10^5/year (males: 188/10^5/year, females: 128/10^5/year).
  • Males show bimodal incidence peaks (15-24 years and >90 years).
  • Females show increasing incidence from the seventh decade, peaking >90 years.
  • Most affected joints: glenohumeral, hand, patellofemoral, prosthetic hip, ankle, acromioclavicular, and elbow.
  • Dislocations are more common in both affluent and deprived socioeconomic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Joint disruptions are more frequent than previously estimated.
  • Incidence patterns vary significantly by age, sex, and socioeconomic status.
  • Specific joints are more susceptible to dislocation/subluxation.