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Related Concept Videos

The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
The Y-to-Y Circuit01:19

The Y-to-Y Circuit

In a balanced four-wire wye-to-wye system, the arrangement involves wye-connected sinusoidal voltage sources and loads, connected through a neutral wire that links the neutral nodes of the source and load. The load impedance is connected across each phase of the load. The wye-connected source can be connected to the wye-connected load in four-wire and three-wire arrangements. A three-phase system is considered balanced when the load on each phase is equal, leading to uniform current flow and...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Evaluations of phase-only double random phase encoding based on key-space analysis.

Kazuya Nakano1, Masafumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Suzuki

  • 1Global Scientific Information and Computing Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. nakano.k.af@m.titech.ac.jp

Applied Optics
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double-random phase encoding (DRPE) security is analyzed. Phase-only DRPE offers enhanced resistance against known-plaintext attacks compared to classical DRPE, due to its distinct key distribution properties.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Information Security
  • Cryptography and Image Processing

Background:

  • Classical double-random phase encoding (DRPE) is susceptible to known-plaintext attacks using phase retrieval algorithms.
  • Phase-only DRPE, which preserves Fourier amplitude during encryption, has been proposed as a more secure alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically analyze the key-space of both classical and phase-only DRPE.
  • To investigate and compare the distribution properties of decryption keys for both DRPE techniques.
  • To evaluate the security implications arising from the differences in key distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical analysis of the key-space for classical and phase-only DRPE.
  • Investigation of decryption key distribution patterns for both encryption methods.
  • Comparative analysis of security based on key distribution properties.

Main Results:

  • Distinct differences were identified in the distribution properties of successful decryption keys between classical and phase-only DRPE.
  • Numerical analysis quantified the key-space characteristics for both DRPE variants.

Conclusions:

  • Phase-only DRPE demonstrates superior resistance to cryptanalytic attacks compared to classical DRPE.
  • The observed differences in key distribution properties are critical factors in the enhanced security of phase-only DRPE.