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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Immunization in practice - clearing the cobwebs.

A K Dutta1, Sanghamitra Ray

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran, Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India. drdutta@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vaccination is a highly effective and cost-efficient strategy for disease prevention. India

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, offering cost-effective disease prevention across all socioeconomic strata.
  • Global successes like smallpox eradication and India's polio-free status highlight the impact of mass immunization campaigns.
  • National immunization programs prioritize preventing deaths, severe disabilities, and morbidity from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the Indian government's National Immunization Schedule.
  • To emphasize the importance of universal childhood vaccination for disease prevention.
  • To inform about the availability of essential vaccines free of charge.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the Indian government's established National Immunization Schedule.

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

  • Inclusion of key vaccines such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT), Measles, Hepatitis-B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
  • Provision of vaccines free of cost at all government health centers.

    • Main Results:

    • India has successfully achieved polio-free status, demonstrating the efficacy of national immunization efforts.
    • The National Immunization Schedule includes a comprehensive list of vaccines to protect children.
    • Essential vaccines are accessible to all children nationwide at no cost.

    Conclusions:

    • The National Immunization Program in India is crucial for preventing deaths and reducing disease burden.
    • Adherence to the government's vaccination schedule ensures children receive essential protection against preventable diseases.
    • Free and accessible vaccination services are vital for achieving herd immunity and public health goals.