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Anatomy of the Circulatory System

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The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
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Anatomy of Blood Vessels

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Published on: April 18, 2013

Share and enjoy: anatomical models database--generating and sharing cardiovascular model data using web services.

Eric Kerfoot¹, Pablo Lamata, Steve Niederer

¹King's College London, London, UK, eric.kerfoot@kcl.ac.uk.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing

|February 26, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Anatomical Model Database (AMDB) enhances cardiac research by storing geometric data and enabling new model creation. This facilitates collaboration and data sharing among scientists and clinicians.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Published on: April 18, 2013

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular research
Biomedical engineering
Computational anatomy

Background:

Web technologies have significantly improved data sharing in cardiac research.
Databases promote stakeholder participation and community building around shared services.
Existing systems facilitate collaboration but lack advanced mesh data creation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the Anatomical Model Database (AMDB) and its role in cardiac research collaboration.
To highlight AMDB's new capabilities for generating mesh data.
To showcase the integration of a web service for creating novel cardiac models.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a database-centric approach for collaborative cardiac research.
Storing diverse cardiac geometric and functional models.
Integrating the heartgen web service for generating patient-specific ventricular models from imaging data.

Main Results:

AMDB stores a comprehensive collection of cardiac geometric models.
Functional models from simulations (electrophysiology, mechanics) are included.
The heartgen service successfully generates left or bi-ventricle models from binary image data.

Conclusions:

AMDB provides a unique platform for storing geometric cardiac data.
The integrated web service enables the creation of new geometric models.
AMDB fosters collaboration by combining data storage with advanced model generation tools.