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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Published on: May 27, 2015

Systemic mastocytosis in the elderly.

Joseph H Butterfield¹, Catherine R Weiler

¹Division of Allergic Diseases and Program for Mast Cell and Eosinophil Disorders, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. butterfield.joseph@mayo.edu

American Journal of Hematology

|February 26, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) diagnosed in older adults (≥70 years) often presents with secondary hematologic disorders and poor survival, particularly with concurrent leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice

Published on: May 27, 2015

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Geriatric Medicine

Background:

Later onset of systemic mastocytosis (SM) is linked to a worse prognosis.
Understanding the characteristics of SM in elderly populations is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate clinical and laboratory findings, associated disorders, and survival rates in patients with systemic mastocytosis diagnosed at age 70 or older.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 42 patients aged 70+ diagnosed with SM.
Analysis of associated disorders, cytogenetic abnormalities, laboratory findings, and survival data.

Main Results:

Most patients (32/42) had associated hematologic disorders, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and thrombocytopenia.
Cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 19% of patients (excluding KIT Asp816Val mutation).
Survival was poor for patients with associated thrombocytopenia, leukemias, and MDS.

Conclusions:

Systemic mastocytosis diagnosed in older adults is frequently associated with secondary hematologic disorders and abnormal laboratory findings.
Cytogenetic abnormalities are common in this population.
Patients with SM diagnosed at age 70 or older, especially those with concurrent leukemias, MDS, or eosinophilia, face a significantly shorter survival.