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Related Experiment Videos

Components of Stroop-like interference in word reading.

W La Heij1, B Happel, M Mulder

  • 1University of Leiden, The Netherlands.

Acta Psychologica
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Semantic interference in naming tasks is reduced when using word reading instead of picture naming. This suggests that interference effects are specific to the target-name retrieval process, not general semantic processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Picture naming shows Stroop-like interference when distractors share semantic categories.
  • Semantic similarity and relevance of distractor words contribute to this interference.
  • Previous research suggests interference originates in target-name retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if semantic interference effects diminish in a word-reading task compared to picture naming.
  • To investigate the influence of semantic relatedness, relevance, response set membership, and wordness on interference.
  • To determine if interference is specific to name retrieval or a more general semantic process.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments compared semantic interference effects in picture naming versus word reading tasks.
  • Four distractor characteristics were systematically varied: semantic relatedness, relevance, response set membership, and wordness.
  • Response times were measured to assess interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Semantic interference effects were not significant in the word-reading task, unlike in picture naming.
  • Only the 'wordness' of the distractor significantly affected responses in the word-reading task.
  • Further experiments confirmed that limited distractor exposure time did not account for the absence of semantic effects.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a name-retrieval account for semantic interference in naming tasks.
  • Semantic interference appears specific to the process of retrieving the name of a target, rather than general semantic processing.
  • The locus of semantic interference is likely within the lexical access stage of speech production.

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