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Effect of conflicting cues on information processing: the 'Stroop effect' vs. the 'Simon effect'
Acta Psychologica
|March 1, 1990
Summary
This study on human information processing found that the Stroop effect and Simon effect operate independently. These interference sources do not interact and likely involve separate processing stages, excluding stimulus encoding.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human Information Processing
Background:
- The Stroop effect and Simon effect are key phenomena in understanding cognitive interference.
- Investigating their interplay provides insights into the stages of human information processing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship and potential interactions between the Stroop effect and the Simon effect.
- To determine if these effects share processing stages using Sternberg's additive-factor logic.
Main Methods:
- Forty participants responded to Stroop color words presented on a screen.
- Independent variables included congruence, spatial correspondence, and stimulus duration.
- Reaction time (RT) was measured under varying conditions.
Main Results:
- Congruence (Stroop effect) and spatial correspondence (Simon effect) significantly impacted RT.
- Stimulus duration also significantly affected RT.
- No significant interactions were found between the variables.
Conclusions:
- The Stroop and Simon effects appear to involve separate processing stages.
- Neither effect seems to involve the stimulus encoding stage, based on stimulus duration manipulations.