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Updated: May 13, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
Suicide in prisoners with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Seena Fazel1, Achim Wolf, John R Geddes
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK. seena.fazel@psych.ox.ac.uk
Objectives:
To examine the risk of suicide and suicide attempts in prisoners with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders compared with prisoners without psychiatric disorders.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing suicide outcomes in prisoners with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders to other prisoners.
Results:
Five studies reported the risk of suicidal outcomes in prisoners with bipolar disorder compared with other prisoners, with a random effects pooled odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.6-3.7; I(2) = 0%). This appeared to be lower than the risk of suicidal outcomes for all psychiatric disorders and for depression, specifically, and, in meta-regression, significantly lower (p = 0.03) than for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Conclusions:
Although bipolar disorder is associated with suicide and non-fatal suicidal behavior in prisoners, further research is necessary to confirm any associations and mediating mechanisms.
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