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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

Water quality indicators: bacteria, coliphages, enteric viruses.

Johnson Lin1, Atheesha Ganesh

  • 1a School of Life Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa .

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Traditional water quality indicators like coliforms don't always signal human enteric viruses. Human pathogenic viruses are emerging as better indicators for detecting human-origin contamination in water systems.

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VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples
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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples
13:32

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples

Published on: May 11, 2019

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Pathogenic enteric microorganisms in water pose human health risks.
  • Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliphages are common water quality indicators.
  • These indicators do not reliably detect human enteric viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of studying human enteric viruses in water quality management.
  • To explore the potential of human pathogenic viruses as effective water quality indicators.
  • To review recent developments in using enteric viruses for water quality assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on water quality indicators.
  • Analysis of the survival and behavior of human enteric viruses in environmental conditions.
  • Evaluation of human adenoviruses and other viruses as potential indicators.

Main Results:

  • Human enteric viruses can persist in the environment and cause diarrheal diseases.
  • Human pathogenic viruses show potential as significant indicators of water contamination.
  • Human adenoviruses are proposed as suitable indices for identifying human-origin contaminants.

Conclusions:

  • Rethinking traditional water quality indicators is necessary.
  • Human enteric viruses offer a more direct measure of fecal contamination from human sources.
  • Effective management of water quality requires incorporating viral indicators.