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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

Changes in pituitary function with ageing and implications for patient care.

Johannes D Veldhuis¹

¹Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology

|February 27, 2013

Summary

Aging alters pituitary hormone release, affecting functions like reproduction and stress response. This review explores the mechanisms and confounding factors in these age-related changes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Neuroscience
Gerontology

Background:

The pituitary gland regulates vital functions including reproduction, stress response, and metabolism.
Aging is characterized by progressive decline in physiological signaling, impacting pituitary hormone secretion patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the mechanisms underlying age-related changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
To discuss confounding factors that influence these age-related hormonal alterations.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on aging and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Critical analysis of mechanisms and confounding variables.

Main Results:

Aging leads to reduced secretory burst amplitude and disordered pituitary hormone release.
Hormonal changes are influenced by sex, body composition, stress, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions:

Age-related pituitary dysfunction is multifactorial, involving complex interactions.
Understanding these changes is crucial for addressing health issues in aging populations.