Oxidative stress and the ageing endocrine system
Giovanni Vitale1, Stefano Salvioli, Claudio Franceschi
1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy.
Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|February 27, 2013
Summary
Oxidative stress, linked to inflammation, impacts endocrine system aging and related diseases. Understanding these mechanisms, including cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, offers future therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Gerontology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Aging involves cellular and organismal decline, increasing disease risk.
- The oxidative stress theory is a prominent explanation for aging.
- The endocrine system's role in oxidative stress is known, but its impact on endocrine aging is less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interactions between hormones and oxidative metabolism.
- To explore the effects of oxidative stress on endocrine system aging.
- To discuss the induction of age-related endocrine diseases by oxidative stress.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on oxidative stress and endocrine aging.
- Analysis of mechanisms linking oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging.
- Discussion of hormonal and metabolic interactions.
Main Results:
- Oxidative stress influences endocrine organ aging through various mechanisms.
- Key mechanisms include cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and microRNA dysregulation.
- Inflammation is a central pathway connecting oxidative stress and aging.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the aging of the endocrine system.
- Age-related endocrine diseases may be induced or regulated by oxidative stress.
- Targeting mechanisms like inflammation, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction holds promise for future research.
More Related Videos
09:33Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
Published on: February 7, 2018
03:35Rapid Quantification of Oxidized and Reduced Forms of Glutathione Using Ortho -phthalaldehyde in Cultured Mammalian Cells In Vitro
Published on: June 28, 2024
Related Concept Videos
01:26Aging
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
01:28Menopause
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
01:27Major Hormones and Their Functions
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
02:07Oogenesis
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
01:29The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that every...