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Related Concept Videos

Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Reinforced Brick Masonry

Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits
11:09

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

Published on: February 10, 2023

Root fortification.

Robert R Seghi1, Sadia Nasrin, Jonathan Draney

  • 1College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. seghi.1@osu.edu

Journal of Endodontics
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Thin dentin walls in incompletely formed teeth increase fracture risk, impacting prognosis. This review examines restorative techniques and biomechanical factors to improve weakened root reinforcement and long-term tooth survival.

Area of Science:

  • Dental science
  • Biomaterials engineering
  • Restorative dentistry

Background:

  • Incompletely formed teeth often have thin dentin walls.
  • This structural vulnerability leads to a higher incidence of cervical root fractures.
  • Such fractures significantly compromise the long-term prognosis of the affected tooth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing scientific evidence on various restorative methods for reinforcing weakened tooth roots.
  • To analyze the biomechanical considerations involved in reinforcing compromised root structures.
  • To incorporate current information on failure analysis and fracture characteristics of dentin.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of reported restorative techniques for weakened roots.
  • Analysis of biomechanical principles relevant to root reinforcement.

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  • Inclusion of data on natural dentin fracture characteristics and in vitro testing.

    • Main Results:

    • Various restorative techniques have been developed and reported in the literature.
    • The biomechanical principles of reinforcing weakened roots are complex.
    • Current understanding of failure analysis and dentin fracture is considered.

    Conclusions:

    • Reinforcing weakened roots in incompletely formed teeth is crucial for improving prognosis.
    • A comprehensive review of techniques, biomechanics, and fracture analysis is presented.
    • Recommendations for future research are proposed to enhance understanding and treatment strategies.