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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
09:49

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Is instability good for the brain?

Robert A Carrillo1, Kaushiki Menon, Kai Zinn

  • 1Broad Center, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Neuron
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied the Drosophila gene linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia. Spartin inhibits BMP signaling, and its upregulation may cause neurodegeneration by affecting microtubule stability.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Published on: January 20, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurological disorders.
  • The human gene spartin is implicated in a form of HSP.
  • Drosophila melanogaster serves as a model organism for studying conserved genetic pathways.

Discussion:

  • Spartin's role in inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway.
  • Potential link between BMP signaling, microtubule stability, and neurodegeneration.
  • Investigating the Drosophila ortholog of spartin provides insights into HSP mechanisms.

Key Insights:

  • The Drosophila ortholog of spartin was identified and studied.
  • Spartin was found to inhibit BMP signaling.
  • Increased BMP signaling may lead to microtubule instability and neurodegeneration.

Outlook:

  • Further research into spartin and BMP signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Exploring therapeutic targets for hereditary spastic paraplegia.
  • Utilizing Drosophila models to understand complex neurological disorders.