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Optimum nutrition for kidney stone disease
Ita P Heilberg1, David S Goldfarb
1Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
|February 27, 2013
Summary
Dietary changes can help prevent kidney stones. Reducing animal protein, oxalate, and sodium intake is recommended for calcium oxalate stones, while a vegetarian diet aids uric acid stone prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nutritional Science
- Urology
Background:
- Kidney stones are a common condition with various causes.
- Dietary factors significantly influence the risk of kidney stone formation and recurrence.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between dietary components and kidney stones.
- To provide evidence-based dietary recommendations for preventing different types of kidney stones.
- To analyze the impact of diet on 24-hour urinary profiles.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing data on diet and kidney stones.
- Analysis of 24-hour urinary profiles in relation to dietary intake.
- Application of therapeutic recommendations to specific stone compositions.
Main Results:
- For calcium oxalate stones: reduce animal protein, oxalate, sodium; maintain calcium; increase citrate and potassium.
- For uric acid stones: weight loss, vegetarian diet to increase urine pH and reduce purine intake.
- For cystine stones: reduce animal protein and sodium; increase intake of citrate and malate.
Conclusions:
- Dietary modifications are key for preventing calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine kidney stones.
- Specific dietary recommendations vary based on stone composition.
- Further research is needed for dietary therapy of calcium phosphate stones and the role of citrate in managing urine pH.
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