Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
Published on: September 12, 2016
Late onset CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an immunocompetent patient
Alejandro Hornik1, Federico Rodriguez-Porcel, Shawn Wallery
1Department of Neurology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Maywood, IL, USA.
Abstract:
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) refers to the presence of paradoxical clinical deterioration attributable to immune system recovery during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We present an immunocompetent patient with multifocal leukoencephalopathy on HAART, with central nervous system (CNS) IRIS pathology of unknown infectious etiology. CNS IRIS pathology should be suspected in patients on longstanding HAART without immune reconstitution, presenting with unexplained leukoencephalopathy.
Related Concept Videos
Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Encephalitis l: Introduction
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...