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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Correlation between pulmonary function and brain volume in healthy elderly subjects.

Yasuyuki Taki1, Shigeo Kinomura, Satoru Ebihara

  • 1Division of Medical Image Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. ytaki@idac.tohoku.ac.jp

Neuroradiology
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced pulmonary function, measured by forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0 %), is linked to lower cerebellar white matter volume in healthy older adults. Maintaining lung health may preserve brain structure.

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Pulmonology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced gray matter volume and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • COPD impacts pulmonary function (FEV1.0 %) and is linked to cognitive decline.
  • The direct relationship between pulmonary function and brain structure is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate correlations between forced expiratory volume in one second percentage (FEV1.0 %) and regional brain gray and white matter volumes.
  • To analyze brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data from healthy elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry was used to process brain MR images.
  • Diffeomorphic anatomical registration with an exponentiated lie algebra procedure was applied.
  • Analysis included adjustments for age, sex, and intracranial volume.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive correlation was found between cerebellar white matter volume and FEV1.0 %.
  • Lower FEV1.0 % was associated with decreased regional white matter volume in the cerebellum.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced pulmonary function is associated with diminished cerebellar white matter volume in the elderly.
  • Preventing declines in pulmonary function may be crucial for maintaining cerebellar white matter integrity in healthy older adults.