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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
New agents in the arsenal to fight castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Erin E Ezzell1, Kuang S Chang, Benjamin J George
1Hematology/Oncology Department, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA. Erin.ezzell@amedd.army.mil
Abstract:
Prior to 2010, the treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were limited. In the past 3 years, four new agents have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in CRPC. These four agents differ in their mechanisms of action and highlight the progress made in our understanding of CRPC, and more importantly, provide options with proven clinical benefit. This review examines the development, investigational evolution, adverse events, and future direction of: 1) the androgen receptor inhibitor, enzalutamide, 2) androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, abiraterone, 3) novel taxane chemotherapy, cabazitaxel, and 4) autologous immunotherapeutic agent, sipuleucel-T.
Insights
New treatments for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have emerged since 2010. This review covers four key agents, offering new options with proven clinical benefits for CRPC patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were limited prior to 2010.
- Recent advancements have led to the approval of four new agents for CRPC by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and evolution of four new CRPC agents.
- To examine the mechanisms of action, adverse events, and future directions for these novel therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on enzalutamide, abiraterone, cabazitaxel, and sipuleucel-T.
- Analysis of investigational data and clinical trial outcomes for each agent.
Main Results:
- Four distinct agents targeting CRPC have been approved, offering diverse mechanisms of action.
- These agents represent significant progress in managing CRPC and provide clinically validated benefits.
Conclusions:
- The landscape of CRPC treatment has significantly improved with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents.
- Further research and understanding of these agents will guide future treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer.
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