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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer&#8212;Super Active Surveillance
05:19

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

Screening for prostate cancer.

Dragan Ilic1, Molly M Neuberger, Mia Djulbegovic

  • 1Department of Epidemiology&PreventiveMedicine, School of PublicHealth&PreventiveMedicine,MonashUniversity,Melbourne,Australia. dragan.ilic@monash.edu.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prostate cancer screening does not significantly reduce mortality, but leads to more diagnoses and harms like overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Men should weigh these risks and benefits carefully before deciding to screen.

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Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Using a Cone-shaped Double-hole Method with Dual-plane Probe Guidance
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Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Prostate cancer screening aims to reduce mortality and improve quality of life, but its effectiveness remains debated.
  • Previous systematic reviews have yielded inconclusive evidence regarding the benefits of prostate cancer screening.
  • This updated review addresses new data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to inform decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if prostate cancer screening reduces prostate cancer-specific mortality or all-cause mortality.
  • To assess the impact of screening on quality of life and adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing prostate cancer screening with no screening.
  • Searched multiple electronic databases and handsearched relevant literature for published and unpublished trials.
  • Included five RCTs with a total of 341,342 participants, primarily using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis of five RCTs showed no statistically significant reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.17).
  • One study (ERSPC) reported a significant reduction in a subgroup of men aged 55-69, but this was not consistent across all trials.
  • Screening increased prostate cancer diagnoses (RR 1.30) and led to harms including overdiagnosis, overtreatment, infection, and erectile dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate cancer screening, primarily PSA-based, did not significantly decrease overall prostate cancer-specific or all-cause mortality in this meta-analysis.
  • Harms such as overdiagnosis and overtreatment are frequent and associated with treatment-related adverse effects.
  • Informed decision-making requires men to understand the potential harms and limited mortality benefits, especially considering that benefits may take 10+ years to accrue.