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Enterotoxin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus spp. from bulk goat milk.

Daniele G Lyra1, Francisca G C Sousa, Maria F Borges

  • 1Federal Institution for Education, Science, and Technology of Alagoas (IFAL), Santana do Ipanema-AL, Brazil.

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
|February 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Enterotoxin-encoding genes were detected in Staphylococcus species from raw goat milk. While Staphylococcus aureus showed a higher prevalence, coagulase-negative staphylococci also harbor these genes, posing a potential food safety risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of food poisoning.
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) can also carry enterotoxin genes.
  • CoNS are prevalent in goat milk and linked to mastitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes in coagulase-positive (CoPS) and CoNS from raw goat milk.
  • To identify specific enterotoxin genes present in these staphylococcal isolates.
  • To assess the food safety implications of staphylococci in goat milk from Brazil's semi-arid region.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of staphylococci from raw goat milk.
  • Screening for enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Differentiation between CoPS and CoNS isolates.

Main Results:

  • Enterotoxin-encoding genes were found in 12.2% of 74 staphylococcal isolates.
  • Four genes (sea, sec, seg, sei) were identified; seg and sei were most common (44.5%).
  • CoPS isolates (23.3%) showed higher enterotoxigenic gene frequency than CoNS (4.5%).
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the only CoPS species with enterotoxigenic genes; CoNS (S. haemolyticus, S. hominis) also harbored these genes.

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus aureus in goat milk is a significant foodborne pathogen.
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci in goat milk represent an underestimated food safety risk due to enterotoxin gene presence.
  • Continued surveillance of staphylococci in goat milk is crucial for public health protection.