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Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness

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Contour analysis of an implant--soft tissue interface.

W L Chai¹, K Moharamzadeh, R van Noort

¹Department of General Dental Practice and Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Journal of Periodontal Research

|February 28, 2013

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A novel impression technique successfully analyzed soft tissue contours around titanium implants using an in vitro 3D oral mucosal model. This method avoids implant removal, offering a new approach for peri-implant tissue studies.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Oral Biology

Background:

Current methods for studying peri-implant soft tissues in vivo often require destructive techniques, such as cutting or removing implants.
These traditional methods hinder detailed contour analysis of the soft tissue-implant interface.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate a novel impression technique for analyzing soft tissue contours around titanium implants.
To assess this technique using an in vitro three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM) with varying titanium surface roughness.
To determine if the technique requires implant removal for contour analysis.

Main Methods:

A 3D OMM was created by co-culturing keratinocytes (TR146) and human oral fibroblasts on an acellular dermis scaffold.

Keywords:

dental implant epithelium fibroblast in vitro model tissue engineering

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Four types of titanium (Ti) surfaces (polished, machined, sandblasted, anodized) were tested.

After 10 days of culture, specimens underwent undecalcified sectioning, electropolishing, and the novel impression technique for contour analysis.

Main Results:

Microscopic examination revealed peri-implant-like epithelium attachment on all tested titanium surfaces.
The novel impression technique allowed for contour analysis without implant removal.
The most frequent contour angle observed at the implant-soft tissue interface ranged from 45° to 90°.

Conclusions:

The in vitro 3D OMM successfully mimics peri-implant epithelium formation.
The novel impression technique provides a non-destructive method for analyzing soft tissue contours around implants.
No significant differences in implant-soft tissue interface contour were found among the four titanium surface types.