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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

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Differential miRNA expression profiles between the first and third trimester human placentas.

Yang Gu1, Jingxia Sun, Lynn J Groome

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Placental microRNA (miRNA) expression differs significantly between early and late pregnancy. Specific miRNA clusters are upregulated in the first trimester, while others dominate the third trimester, impacting placental development and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Placental development is a complex process crucial for fetal growth and maternal health.
  • Understanding miRNA expression patterns during gestation is vital for identifying developmental regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in placental microRNA expression between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
  • To identify specific microRNA clusters and individual microRNAs associated with distinct gestational ages.
  • To explore the functional implications of differentially expressed placental microRNAs in development.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of total RNA from first and third trimester human placentas.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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  • Analysis of miRNA expression using Affymetrix miRNA microarray.
  • Identification of miRNA clusters via web-based programs (MirClust, miRGen Cluster).
  • Validation of miRNA expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
  • Determination of miRNA localization within placental villous tissue using in situ hybridization (ISH).

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 208 differentially expressed miRNA transcripts (191 mature miRNAs) were identified between trimesters.
    • First trimester placentas showed upregulation of miR-17-92 cluster, C14MC, miR-371 cluster, and C19MC.
    • Third trimester placentas exhibited upregulation of let-7 family, miR-34 family, miR-29a cluster, miR-195 cluster, and miR-181c cluster.
    • qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression for specific miRNAs (e.g., increased miR-371-5p, decreased miR-125b-5p in first trimester).
    • ISH revealed distinct compartmental localization for certain miRNAs within villous tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinct placental microRNA cluster expression profiles characterize early and late pregnancy.
    • Upregulated miRNAs in the first trimester are associated with oncogenic, angiogenic, and antiapoptotic properties.
    • Upregulated miRNAs in the third trimester are linked to cell differentiation and tumor suppression.
    • MicroRNAs play critical roles in regulating placental development and function throughout gestation.