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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Evaluation of the Impact of a New Cooling Cell Processor System on Islet Cell Isolation Facility
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Published on: August 11, 2023

Palm cooling does not improve running performance.

C M Scheadler1, N W Saunders, N J Hanson

  • 1Health and Exercise Science, The Ohio State University, Health and Exercise Science, Columbus, USA. devor.3@osu.edu

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|February 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The BEX Runner palm cooling device did not improve exercise performance in heat. This study found no significant difference in total exercise time when using the device, with reduced time to exhaustion.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Environmental Heat Stress
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Heat stress during exercise poses significant physiological challenges.
  • Effective thermoregulation strategies are crucial for endurance performance.
  • Palm cooling is a potential method for mitigating heat strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the BEX Runner palm cooling device.
  • To assess its impact on exercise performance under combined heat and exercise stress.
  • To determine if palm cooling affects core temperature rise during exertion in heat.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve participants completed time-to-exhaustion runs at 75% VO2max in 30°C and 50% humidity.
  • Runs were conducted with and without the BEX Runner palm cooling device.
  • Core temperature, heart rate, and perceived exertion were monitored throughout.

Main Results:

  • Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter with the palm cooling device compared to the control.
  • Total exercise time, including warm-up, showed no significant difference between conditions.
  • The rate of core temperature increase was similar in both the treatment and control trials.

Conclusions:

  • The BEX Runner palm cooling device did not enhance exercise performance in hot conditions.
  • Palm cooling did not attenuate the rise in core body temperature during prolonged exercise in heat.
  • The device did not improve endurance capacity under the tested environmental heat stress conditions.