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Related Concept Videos

Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Where do we store the memory representations that guide attention?

Geoffrey F Woodman1, Nancy B Carlisle, Robert M G Reinhart

  • 1Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt Center for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Nashville, TN, USA.

Journal of Vision
|February 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Working memory guides attention, but task goals and long-term memory also control perceptual selection. Long-term memory becomes crucial after initial attention settings are established.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Attention Research

Background:

  • The role of working memory in controlling perceptual selection is a heavily debated topic in attention literature.
  • A prevailing hypothesis suggests that representing an item in working memory is sufficient for attention to select it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between working memory, task goals, long-term memory, and attentional selection.
  • To review evidence on how working memory and long-term memory interact to control perception.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on attention, working memory, and long-term memory.
  • Analysis of experimental findings from the authors' laboratory regarding memory and attention control.

Main Results:

  • Attentional selection is influenced not only by working memory but also by high-level task goals.
  • Working memory is critical for initial attentional control settings.
  • Long-term memory representations play a significant role in ongoing attentional selection after initial settings are configured.

Conclusions:

  • The link between working memory content and perceptual selection is more intricate than previously thought.
  • Both task goals and long-term memory dynamically modulate attentional selection processes.
  • Working memory and long-term memory interact to guide attention throughout different stages of cognitive control.