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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal tetrahedral value,...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this staggered...

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Communication: Spectroscopic evidence for a planar cyclic CO trimer.

Mojtaba Rezaei1, S Sheybani-Deloui, N Moazzen-Ahmadi

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified the elusive carbon monoxide (CO) trimer using high-resolution spectroscopy. Evidence supports a planar, cyclic structure with specific symmetry and intermolecular separation, aligning with theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular spectroscopy
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • The structure of small carbon monoxide (CO) clusters, particularly the trimer, has been a long-standing challenge in molecular physics.
  • Previous studies have provided limited or ambiguous data regarding the CO trimer's configuration and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To definitively identify and characterize the carbon monoxide (CO) trimer.
  • To determine the structural and vibrational properties of the CO trimer.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical calculations for CO clusters.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution infrared spectroscopy in the 2144 cm(-1) region.
  • Analysis of spectral features to distinguish between CO monomer, dimer, and trimer signals.
  • Comparison of observed spectral shifts with theoretical predictions for different cluster structures.

Main Results:

  • A high-resolution spectrum was assigned to the carbon monoxide (CO) trimer.
  • Strong evidence indicates a planar, cyclic, C-bonded trimer structure with C(3h) symmetry.
  • An intermolecular separation of 4.42 Å was determined, consistent with theoretical calculations.
  • A vibrational blueshift of +0.85 cm(-1) was observed for the CO trimer.

Conclusions:

  • The elusive carbon monoxide (CO) trimer has been experimentally identified.
  • The study confirms a planar, cyclic, C-bonded structure for the CO trimer.
  • Experimental results validate theoretical models for CO cluster formation and properties.