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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats
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The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats

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How Sox2 maintains neural stem cell identity.

Gerald Thiel1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.

The Biochemical Journal
|March 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor Sox2 is crucial for maintaining neural stem cell properties by regulating survivin, a gene involved in cell survival and division. This finding explains Sox2

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sox2 (SRY-box 2) is a key transcription factor in early neural development and a marker for neural stem cells.
  • Sox2 is present in embryonic and adult neural stem cells, including those in the subventricular zone and hippocampus.
  • Previous studies highlighted Sox2's role in neural stem cell maintenance, proliferation, self-renewal, and neurogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel target genes regulated by Sox2 in neural stem cells.
  • To investigate the functional relationship between Sox2 and the survivin gene in neural stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in transgenic animal models.
  • Identified Sox2-responsive genes in neural stem cells.

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Published on: April 22, 2017

  • Analyzed the role of survivin in cell division and apoptosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified the survivin gene as a direct target of Sox2 in neural stem cells.
    • Demonstrated that Sox2 regulates survivin expression, which is critical for cell survival and proliferation.
    • Showed that reduced Sox2 levels lead to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, mediated by survivin.

    Conclusions:

    • Sox2 directly regulates survivin expression in neural stem cells, contributing to their proliferation and survival.
    • The Sox2-survivin interaction provides a molecular mechanism for maintaining neural stem cell identity and function.
    • Further research is warranted to explore if this regulatory mechanism is conserved in other stem and progenitor cell types.