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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
07:15

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

Published on: September 2, 2021

Hiding in plain sight; constrictive pericarditis.

Jonathan Ryan Schroeder1, Hernan Osorno, Robert Chait

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Palm Beach Regional Campus, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. jschroeder@med.miami.edu

BMJ Case Reports
|March 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing constrictive pericarditis can be challenging, as illustrated by this case. Advanced cardiac catheterization ultimately confirmed the diagnosis in a patient with difficult-to-interpret initial findings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
07:15

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

Published on: September 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Constrictive pericarditis is a condition characterized by impaired diastolic filling of the heart due to pericardial thickening and restriction.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, often requiring a combination of clinical, imaging, and hemodynamic data.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with generalized edema, dyspnea, and pleural effusions, initially showing non-specific findings on CT and echocardiography.
  • Initial investigations revealed a normal pericardium on CT and mildly elevated right ventricular pressures with septal dyskinesia on echocardiography.
  • Despite initial non-diagnostic findings, the patient later developed classic hemodynamic signs of constrictive pericarditis on cardiac catheterization.

Findings:

  • Cardiac catheterization revealed the characteristic "square-root sign," equalization of diastolic pressures between the ventricles, and ventricular interdependence.
  • These hemodynamic findings, in conjunction with clinical presentation, led to the diagnosis of idiopathic constrictive pericarditis.
  • Pericardial stripping confirmed significant pericardial thickening encasing the heart.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering constrictive pericarditis even with initially equivocal findings.
  • Advanced diagnostic tools like cardiac catheterization are crucial for definitive diagnosis in complex cases.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention (pericardiectomy) are essential for improving outcomes in constrictive pericarditis.