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Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a cow.

D R Rissi¹, C S L Barros

¹Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Veterinary Pathology

|March 1, 2013

Summary

A Charolais cow experienced neurological signs and was diagnosed with necrotizing meningoencephalitis. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1 or BHV-5) infection was confirmed as the cause.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Virology
Pathology

Background:

Bovine herpesvirus (BHV) infections can cause severe neurological disease in cattle.
Rapid spread and clinical signs in a herd necessitate prompt diagnosis and understanding of causative agents.

Observation:

An 18-month-old Charolais cow presented with depression and drooling, leading to euthanasia and necropsy.
Gross examination revealed swollen, hemorrhagic malacia in the cerebral cortex.
Microscopic analysis showed necrotizing meningoencephalitis with characteristic viral inclusions.

Findings:

Histopathology revealed necrotizing meningoencephalitis affecting the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and thalamus.
Intranuclear astrocytic and neuronal eosinophilic viral inclusions were identified.

Keywords:

bovine herpesvirus cattle necrotizing meningoencephalitis neuropathology

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Bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1 or BHV-5) was confirmed via fluorescent antibody testing for BHV-1 glycoprotein C antigen.

Implications:

This case highlights BHV-1 or BHV-5 as a significant cause of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in cattle.
Accurate diagnosis through neuropathological examination and viral antigen detection is crucial for herd management.
Understanding BHV-induced neurological pathology aids in disease prevention and control strategies.