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Updated: May 13, 2026

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures
Published on: August 5, 2021
L D Wandner1, A T Hirsh, C A Torres
1Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Dentists may unconsciously use patient race, gender, and age in pain management. This study found dentists rated pain higher and were more likely to prescribe opioids to female, African-American, and younger patients.
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