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Related Concept Videos

Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems01:24

BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

System stability is a fundamental concept in signal processing, often assessed using convolution. For a system to be considered bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable, any bounded input signal must produce a bounded output signal. A bounded input signal is one where the modulus does not exceed a certain constant at any point in time.
To determine the BIBO stability, the convolution integral is utilized when a bounded continuous-time input is applied to a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system.
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Separable Differential Equations01:20

Separable Differential Equations

A separable differential equation is a type of first-order differential equation where the derivative dy/dx can be expressed as a product of two functions: one that depends only on x and another that depends only on y. This allows for the rearrangement of the equation so that all terms involving y are on one side, and all terms involving x are on the other. This process, known as the separation of variables, simplifies the process of solving the equation by enabling the integration of both...
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
09:36

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Virtual estimator for piecewise linear systems based on observability analysis.

Cornelio Morales-Morales1, Manuel Adam-Medina, Ilse Cervantes

  • 1Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Interior Internado de Palmira s/n, 69490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. corneliomoralesmorales@gmail.com

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a virtual sensor for piecewise linear systems, enabling state estimation and active mode detection even with unknown commutation sequences. This enhances system observability analysis for discrete-time models.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
09:36

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Systems Theory
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Piecewise linear systems are common in various engineering fields.
  • Estimating system states and identifying active modes are crucial for control and monitoring.
  • Observability analysis is fundamental for state estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel virtual sensor for piecewise linear systems.
  • To develop a method for detecting the active mode in systems with unknown commutation sequences.
  • To establish a methodology for testing observability in discrete-time piecewise linear systems.

Main Methods:

  • Observability analysis tailored for piecewise linear systems.
  • Development of a virtual sensor (state estimator) dependent on a commutation law.
  • Proposal of virtual estimators to discern commutation paths.
  • Methodology for discrete-time observability testing.

Main Results:

  • A functional virtual sensor for piecewise linear systems was designed.
  • A detector for the active mode was presented, effective for arbitrary commutation sequences.
  • A systematic approach to test observability in these systems was established.
  • An academic example validated the proposed methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed virtual sensor and active mode detector effectively address state estimation challenges in piecewise linear systems.
  • The developed observability testing methodology is applicable to discrete-time systems.
  • The findings contribute to improved system analysis and control design for piecewise linear systems.