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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids preserve retinal function in type 2 diabetic mice.

P Sapieha¹, J Chen, A Stahl

¹1] Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Nutrition & Diabetes

|March 2, 2013

Summary

Dietary omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) preserve vision in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs improved retinal function and glucose response, suggesting a potential therapy for diabetic retinopathy.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) involves retinal microvascular damage and neuronal compromise, often exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.
Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown protective effects in other forms of retinopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs in preserving retinal function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
To assess the impact of ω-3 PUFA supplementation on visual function, retinal integrity, and glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.

Main Methods:

Male leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, a model for T2DM, were fed diets enriched with either ω-3 or ω-6 PUFAs for 22 weeks.
Visual function was evaluated using electroretinography at multiple time points.
Retinal capillary and neuronal integrity, along with glucose challenge responses, were assessed.

Main Results:

Mice fed an ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet exhibited preserved retinal function, comparable to non-diabetic controls.
Conversely, retinal function deteriorated in diabetic mice fed an ω-6 PUFA-rich diet.
ω-3 PUFA supplementation enhanced the diabetic mice's response to glucose challenge, independent of cytoprotective or anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Dietary ω-3 PUFAs demonstrate significant benefits for visual function in T2DM.
The findings suggest that dyslipidemia negatively impacts retinal function in diabetes.
Increasing ω-3 PUFA intake may be a safe, inexpensive strategy to slow vision loss in diabetic patients.