Advances in novel diagnostic endoscopic imaging techniques in inflammatory bowel disease

The description and grading of inflammation seen at endoscopic evaluation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are based on conventional white light endoscopy in an era using normal definition endoscopes. The new generation of high-definition endoscopes with electronic filter technology provides an opportunity to visualize mucosal inflammation in more details. The application of these new technologies in IBD is in its infancy, but the added value is beginning to be appreciated. Both the assessment of dysplasia and the assessment of inflammation may gain from use of high-definition endoscopy with filter technology. In addition, the advent of confocal laser endomicroscopy provides an opportunity to explore real-time histology, thus (perhaps) redefining our understanding of pathogenesis and nature of inflammation in IBD. We review the potential of these techniques to transform diagnostic endoscopic assessment of inflammation and dysplasia.