Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How does maternal "belief in a dangerous world" affect maternal and child depressive symptoms during times of crisis?

Journal of affective disorders reports·2026
Same author

Nasal Instillation of Complex Metal Oxide Particles Induces Brain Metal Accumulation and Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Mice.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

What makes a lonely child: environmental, health, and multimodal neuroimaging correlates of prospective loneliness in the ABCD study.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2026
Same author

Stage-Related Alterations in Cortical Functional Connectivity Gradients in Non-Dialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Sexual health among patients with breast cancer undergoing endocrine therapy: an integrative review.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2026
Same author

Towards a general-purpose foundation model for functional MRI analysis.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Functional networks in parallel with cortical development associate with executive functions in children.

Jidan Zhong1, Anne Rifkin-Graboi2, Anh Tuan Ta1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Brain development in late childhood involves cortical thinning and changes in functional networks. Executive functions like working memory are linked to specific brain connections, particularly those supporting bottom-up processing.

Keywords:
cortical thicknessexecutive functioninglate childhoodresting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
16:33

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
16:33

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Children's executive functions mature in late childhood, likely due to neuroanatomical changes like myelination and synaptic pruning.
  • Developmental shifts in brain functional organization may parallel cognitive behavioral changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomical changes, functional brain organization, and executive functions in children aged 6-10.
  • To identify how cortical thinning and network organization relate to working memory and response inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess cortical thickness.
  • Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to analyze functional brain organization.
  • Working memory and response inhibition tasks to measure executive functioning.

Main Results:

  • Cortical thinning was observed across bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, engaging sensorimotor, executive control, and default mode networks.
  • Working memory and response inhibition performance correlated with regional functional connectivity, not network topology (local/global efficiency).
  • Functional connections supporting 'bottom-up' processing showed a stronger association with executive function performance than 'top-down' connections.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroanatomical and functional brain development in late childhood are interconnected.
  • Specific functional connectivity patterns, especially bottom-up processing, are crucial for the development of executive functions in children.
  • These findings highlight the importance of brain systems involved in late childhood development for cognitive maturation.