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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Early life response to infection.

Peter Ghazal1, Paul Dickinson, Claire L Smith

  • 1Division of Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. p.ghazal@ed.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal sepsis resilience depends on innate immunity and immune homeostasis, not just immune system immaturity. Further research into regulatory mechanisms is crucial for understanding infant infection responses.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Infectious diseases in infants

Background:

  • Sepsis is a significant threat to preterm and term infants.
  • Neonatal response to infection is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the neonatal host systemic response to infection.
  • To explore factors contributing to neonatal vulnerability and resilience against infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects of neonatal immune response.
  • Analysis of the interplay between metabolism, immunity, and microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal host resilience relies on innate immune mechanisms.
  • Adaptive immune components are present but their function in neonates requires further study.
  • Neonatal vulnerability is linked to immune homeostasis regulation, not solely immune immaturity.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal vulnerability and resilience to infection remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding the homeostatic control of innate and adaptive immunity, and its interaction with metabolism and the microbiome, is critical.