Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
Published on: February 27, 2021
Response to comment on "lethally hot temperatures during the Early Triassic greenhouse"
Yadong Sun1, Michael M Joachimski, Paul B Wignall
1State Key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Goudemand et al. replot a subset of our well-constrained data using a new Early Triassic biostratigraphic scheme based on a lower-resolution ammonoid zonation scheme and hypothetical ammonoid-conodont correlation to produce a less distinct seawater temperature history. We dispute their unsubstantiated correlation and, consequently, their allegations.
Related Concept Videos
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
Increased Body Temperature

