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Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.

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Updated: May 13, 2026

C. elegans Chemotaxis Assay
06:28

C. elegans Chemotaxis Assay

Published on: April 27, 2013

ECM: chemoattraction but not adhesion.

Anna Huttenlocher1

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Blood
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) enhances neutrophil movement in 3D environments. This collagen receptor activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) to generate peptides that guide neutrophils.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

C. elegans Chemotaxis Assay
06:28

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Published on: April 27, 2013

Measurement of Cellular Chemotaxis with ECIS/Taxis
11:37

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A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions
10:56

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions

Published on: July 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Neutrophil chemotaxis is crucial for immune responses but its regulation in 3D environments remains unclear.
  • Understanding 3D neutrophil migration is vital for developing therapies for inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing neutrophil chemotaxis in three-dimensional matrices.
  • To investigate the role of the collagen receptor Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced imaging techniques to observe neutrophil behavior in 3D collagen matrices.
  • Employed biochemical assays to assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and peptide generation.
  • Investigated the function of DDR2 in regulating neutrophil migration.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) significantly promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in 3D.
  • Showed that DDR2 activation leads to increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.
  • Identified the generation of chemotactic collagen peptides as a key downstream effect of DDR2-mediated MMP activity.

Conclusions:

  • Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a critical regulator of neutrophil chemotaxis in 3D.
  • The DDR2-MMP-collagen peptide axis provides a novel mechanism for guiding neutrophils in complex tissues.
  • These findings offer new insights into immune cell migration and potential therapeutic targets.