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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

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A comparative study on the fasting and the postprandial dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR·2013
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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Thyroid function and mental disorders: an insight into the complex interaction.

Mahendra T Kamble1, Prerna D Nandedkar, Prashant V Dharme

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College & Cancer Hospital , Aurangabad (M.S.), India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Depression is linked to thyroid dysfunction, with lower Triiodothyronine (T3) and higher Thyroxine (T4) levels observed. Thyroid screening may aid in managing depression.

Keywords:
DepressionTSHTotal T3Total T4

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent mood disorder with complex pathophysiology.
  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating mood and cognitive functions.
  • Altered thyroid function has been implicated in various psychiatric conditions, including depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum levels of Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in depressed patients.
  • To compare thyroid hormone profiles between depressed individuals and healthy controls.
  • To identify potential correlations between thyroid dysfunction and depression severity.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 drug-naive depressed patients and 60 age/sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Depression severity was assessed using the Ham-D scale (mild, moderate, severe).
  • Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels were quantified using commercial kits; data analyzed with SPSS, ANOVA, and chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Depressed patients exhibited significantly lower T3 and higher T4 levels compared to controls.
  • No significant difference in TSH levels was found across different depression severity groups.
  • Thyroid abnormalities were identified in 12 depressed patients, suggesting a link between thyroid dysfunction and depression.

Conclusions:

  • The study observed thyroid dysfunction, often termed "Lower Thyroid Syndrome," in patients with depression.
  • These findings highlight the potential for thyroid screening in depressed individuals.
  • Early detection and management of thyroid dysfunction may improve depression treatment outcomes.