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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Cold intolerance after brachial plexus nerve injury.

Christine B Novak1, Dimitri J Anastakis, Dorcas E Beaton

  • 1Hand Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St., EW 2-422, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8 Canada.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Patients with brachial plexus nerve injury experience significant cold intolerance. This cold sensitivity correlates with increased pain and upper extremity disability, impacting daily life.

Keywords:
Brachial plexusCold intoleranceNerve injuryPain

More Related Videos

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
09:34

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers

Published on: August 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Management
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Brachial plexus nerve injury (BPNI) can lead to complex sensory disturbances.
  • Cold intolerance is a frequently reported but understudied symptom in BPNI patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and severity of cold intolerance in individuals with BPNI.
  • To identify factors associated with cold intolerance, including pain, disability, and employment status.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 61 adult patients with BPNI (≥6 months post-injury) completed validated questionnaires.
  • Assessments included the Cold Intolerance Severity Scale (CISS), pain scales, disability measures (DASH), and psychological inventories.
  • Multivariable linear regression analysis was employed to determine predictors of CISS scores.

Main Results:

  • Patients reported high levels of cold intolerance (CISS), pain, and upper extremity disability (DASH).
  • Cold intolerance severity (CISS) was significantly higher in female patients.
  • Key factors associated with higher CISS scores were McGill pain rating index, DASH score, and time since injury.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial cold intolerance is prevalent in patients with brachial plexus nerve injury.
  • Cold intolerance severity is significantly linked to pain intensity, upper extremity functional disability, and chronicity of the injury.