Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Encapsulation of mRNA in Therapeutics Like Lipid Nanoparticles Probed by Deep-UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy of Saliva and Machine Learning as a Screening Test for Sjögren Disease.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy Analysis of Bloodstain Aging Using Fluorescence Spectral Data.

Applied spectroscopy·2025
Same author

Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis for estimating time since deposition of bloodstains on fabrics under ambient conditions.

Journal of forensic sciences·2025
Same author

Detection of Oral Fluid Stains on Fabric via Solution Extraction Combined with Deep Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Quick Freezing-Induced Au Nanoparticle Aggregates (QFIAAs) for Near-IR (NIR) Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: August 2, 2018

Insight into resolution enhancement in generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy.

Lu Ma1, Vitali Sikirzhytski, Zhenmin Hong

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|March 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) enhances spectral resolution for overlapping bands. This study reveals 2D-COS peak resolution depends on normalized half-intensities and total intensity changes of correlated bands.

More Related Videos

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells
14:12

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells

Published on: December 11, 2021

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: August 2, 2018

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells
14:12

Dual-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy to Study Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Dynamics in Live Cells

Published on: December 11, 2021

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) is a powerful technique for enhancing spectral resolution.
  • Differentiating highly overlapped spectral bands is crucial in various analytical applications.
  • The precise mechanisms behind 2D-COS spectral resolution enhancement remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of spectral resolution enhancement in 2D-COS.
  • To elucidate the dependence of 2D-COS spectral features on parameters of overlapping bands.
  • To establish conditions necessary for resolving overlapped spectral bands using 2D-COS.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated spectral data were analyzed using generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS).
  • The study systematically varied parameters such as band separation, intensity, bandwidth, and intensity change rates.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between spectral features and these overlapping band characteristics.

Main Results:

  • 2D-COS spectral features from overlapping bands are determined by normalized half-intensities and total intensity changes.
  • Conditions for resolving overlapped bands were identified.
  • Optimal 2D-COS peak resolution requires specific amplitude ranges for normalized half-intensities relative to overlapping bands.

Conclusions:

  • This work provides new insights into the spectral resolution enhancement capabilities of 2D-COS.
  • Understanding the influence of band parameters is key to optimizing 2D-COS applications.
  • The findings offer practical guidelines for resolving complex spectral mixtures.