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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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A Live-cell Image-Based Machine Learning Strategy to Monitor Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation

A Live-cell Image-Based Machine Learning Strategy to Monitor Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: October 4, 2024

Endodermal stem cell populations derived from pluripotent stem cells.

Xin Cheng¹, Amita Tiyaboonchai, Paul Gadue

¹Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|March 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Generating functional endodermal cells like hepatocytes and pancreatic cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is difficult. Expanding endoderm-committed progenitor cells from PSCs improves the purity, yield, and maturity of these vital cell types.

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Published on: November 3, 2011

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Developmental biology
Cell differentiation

Background:

Generating functional endodermal lineages (e.g., hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) presents significant challenges.
Improving the purity, yield, and maturity of endodermal derivatives is crucial for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of expanding endoderm-committed stem or progenitor cell populations derived from PSCs.
To determine if this expansion strategy enhances the quality and maturity of endodermal derivatives.

Main Methods:

Utilizing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as starting material.
Inducing differentiation towards endodermal lineages.
Implementing an expansion phase for committed endodermal progenitor cells prior to final differentiation.
Evaluating the purity, yield, and maturity of resultant endodermal cell populations.

Main Results:

Expansion of endoderm-committed progenitor cells is a viable strategy.
This approach significantly enhances the purity and yield of endodermal cell populations.
The strategy also leads to more mature derivative tissues, exemplified by pancreatic beta cells.

Conclusions:

Expanding endoderm-committed progenitor cells derived from PSCs is an effective method to improve endodermal differentiation outcomes.
This approach holds promise for generating higher quality and more mature functional endodermal cells for research and therapeutic purposes.