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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Murine Left Pulmonary Hilar Clamp Model of Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
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Murine Left Pulmonary Hilar Clamp Model of Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Published on: April 12, 2024

Quit stalling or you'll be silenced.

Karen S Kim Guisbert1, Erik J Sontheimer

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA.

Cell
|March 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Stalled spliceosomes, crucial for gene regulation, were identified as a trigger for small RNA production in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This discovery offers new insights into genome defense mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Small RNAs are essential for gene regulation and genome defense, requiring dynamic sequence selection for their biogenesis.
  • The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans utilizes small RNA pathways for its survival and virulence.

Discussion:

  • This study identifies stalled spliceosomes as a novel trigger for initiating small RNA biogenesis.
  • The findings link the splicing machinery, typically involved in RNA processing, to small RNA production pathways.
  • This mechanism provides a dynamic way for the fungus to adapt its small RNA repertoire.

Key Insights:

  • Stalled spliceosomes directly trigger small RNA biogenesis in Cryptococcus neoformans.
  • This provides a novel regulatory mechanism connecting RNA splicing and small RNA pathways.

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A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
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Anti-virulent Disruption of Pathogenic Biofilms using Engineered Quorum-quenching Lactonases
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Anti-virulent Disruption of Pathogenic Biofilms using Engineered Quorum-quenching Lactonases

Published on: January 1, 2016

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Murine Left Pulmonary Hilar Clamp Model of Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
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A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
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A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

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Anti-virulent Disruption of Pathogenic Biofilms using Engineered Quorum-quenching Lactonases
07:47

Anti-virulent Disruption of Pathogenic Biofilms using Engineered Quorum-quenching Lactonases

Published on: January 1, 2016

  • The study reveals an adaptive strategy for genome defense in a pathogenic fungus.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research could explore if similar mechanisms exist in other organisms, including human pathogens.
    • Understanding this pathway may lead to new therapeutic targets for fungal infections.
    • Investigating the precise molecular interactions between stalled spliceosomes and small RNA biogenesis machinery is warranted.