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Updated: May 13, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
A novel cause of pneumocephalus
Bryan Marchant1, Johnathan M Sheele
1Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Background:
Pneumocephalus is rare, mostly arising as a complication of surgery, trauma, infection, or neoplasm.
Objective:
Our aim was to briefly discuss the etiology and Emergency Department evaluation of patients with pneumocephalus.
Case Report:
We present a case of a spontaneous esophageal-arachnoid fistula in a patient with stage IV non-small cell carcinoma leading to spontaneous pneumocephalus with resulting meningitis and death.
Conclusions:
Although usually asymptomatic, pneumocephalus can lead to tension pneumocephalus, a potentially fatal condition, or septic meningitis, if it is the result of infection from gas-producing bacteria.
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