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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

[Brachytherapy dose calculation].

M Ferré¹, H Mailleux, N Pierrat

¹Service de physique médicale, institut Paoli-Calmettes, BP 156, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13273 Marseille cedex 09, France.

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique

|March 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brachytherapy dose calculation has advanced from charts to TG-43 formalism, considering source characteristics and medium. New algorithms improve accuracy in radiation therapy planning.

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Area of Science:

Medical physics
Radiation oncology
Dosimetry

Context:

Brachytherapy dose calculation methods have evolved significantly.
Traditional methods include charts and the TG-43 formalism.
Accurate dose distribution is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose:

To present the principles and limitations of brachytherapy dose calculation.
To discuss various dosimetric systems and their implementation.
To explore the contribution of new generation algorithms.

Summary:

Brachytherapy dose calculation relies on source properties, geometry, and medium composition.
The evolution from charts to TG-43 formalism is detailed.
Current advancements in algorithms are reviewed for improved accuracy.

Impact:

Provides a comprehensive overview of brachytherapy dosimetry.
Highlights the importance of accurate dose calculation in radiation therapy.
Informs the development and application of advanced treatment planning algorithms.