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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Grating-based X-ray phase contrast for biomedical imaging applications.

Franz Pfeiffer1, Julia Herzen, Marian Willner

  • 1Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany. franz.pfeiffer@tum.de

Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik
|March 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging offers advanced biomedical imaging. This review details its development, applications, and future potential in computed tomography for enhanced diagnostics.

Keywords:
GitterinterferometriePhasenkontrasttomographieRöntgen-PhasenkontrastRöntgenbildgebungX-ray imagingX-ray phase contrastgrating interferometryphase-contrast tomography

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Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
05:50

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT
05:50

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Published on: January 27, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • X-ray imaging is crucial in medicine.
  • Conventional X-rays have limitations in soft tissue contrast.
  • Phase-contrast imaging enhances visibility of biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging.
  • To highlight its biomedical applications.
  • To explore extensions to computed tomography.

Main Methods:

  • Review of grating-based imaging principles.
  • Demonstration of multimodal radiography with laboratory X-ray sources.
  • Theoretical discussion of computed tomography extension.

Main Results:

  • Grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field radiography enable enhanced imaging.
  • Multimodal radiography provides rich information from laboratory X-ray sources.
  • Theoretical framework for quantitative CT is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Grating-based X-ray imaging is a promising technology for biomedical applications.
  • Further development can lead to advanced quantitative computed tomography.
  • This technique has the potential to improve medical diagnostics.