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Updated: May 13, 2026

A Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Assay Based on Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Hemocytes Motility
Published on: December 13, 2024
The first Toll receptor from the triangle-shell pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii
Qian Ren1, Xue Zhong, Shao-Wu Yin
1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China. renqian0402@126.com
Abstract:
Toll receptor was first discovered in Drosophila and has an important function in the innate immunity of invertebrates. In this study, the Toll receptor HcToll1 from Hyriopsis cumingii with a full length of 3810 bp consisting of a 3687 bp ORF that encodes a total of 1228 amino acids protein was selected for further study. The HcToll1 protein consisted of a signal peptide, 17 LRR domains, 2 LRRCT domains, 1 LRRNT domain, 1 TM domain, and 1 TIR domain. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that HcToll1 was clustered in one group together with other mollusca tolls. RT-PCR analysis results showed that HcToll1 was expressed in all tested tissues such as hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and mantle. qRT-PCR analysis results showed that HcToll1 expression was increased by the presence of Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum, Staphyloccocus aureus, and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Over-expression of HcTIR could up-regulate expression of drosomycin gene in Drosophila S2 cells. The results of our study indicated that HcToll1 is a functional Toll and it has an important function in the generation of innate immune responses of H. cumingii against microbial challenge.
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