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Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

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ITO electrode-embedded double-cladding single-crystal LiNbO3 optical fiber.

Jau-Sheng Wang¹, Yung-Hsin Tseng

¹Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taipei, Taiwan. jimmy@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw

|March 5, 2013

Summary

Researchers developed single-crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO3) optical fibers with embedded indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. This breakthrough enables new electrically tunable fiber devices with low loss and high electro-optic performance.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Fiber Optics

Background:

Single-crystal optical fibers offer unique electro-optic properties.
Integration of electrodes within optical fibers is crucial for device functionality.
Existing fabrication methods for such devices can be complex and inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel method for fabricating single-crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO3) optical fibers.
To integrate indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes within the fiber structure.
To characterize the electro-optic performance and optical loss of the fabricated fibers.

Main Methods:

Utilized the CO2 laser-heated pedestal growth technique for a one-step drawing process.
Embedded ITO electrodes between the LiNbO3 core and silica glass cladding.

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Fabricated optical fibers with a core diameter of 9 μm and electrode distance of 50 μm.

Main Results:

Achieved a low half-wave voltage (Vπ) of 6.6 V.
Demonstrated a high effective electro-optic coefficient of 23.6 pm/V.
Measured a low transmission loss of 0.89 dB/cm.

Conclusions:

The one-step drawing process successfully produced single-crystal LiNbO3 optical fibers with embedded ITO electrodes.
The fabricated fibers exhibit excellent electro-optic performance and low optical loss.
This technique is adaptable for other single-crystal core fibers, paving the way for advanced electrically tunable fiber devices.