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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Bone density in proton pump inhibitors users: a prospective study.

Kamil Ozdil1, Resul Kahraman, Abdurrahman Sahin

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Adem Yavuz Cad. No: 1, Umraniye-Istanbul, Turkey. kamilozdil@gmail.com

Rheumatology International
|March 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for GERD significantly reduces bone density. This study found notable decreases in bone mineral density in patients treated with PPIs, highlighting the need for monitoring.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism and Pharmacology

Background:

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for long-term management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between PPI therapy and an increased risk of bone fractures, though prospective data are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the impact of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with GERD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 114 GERD patients and 110 healthy controls (aged 18-56).
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femur neck at baseline and after a minimum of 6 months of PPI therapy (esomeprazole, lansoprazole, or pantoprazole).

Main Results:

  • Patients on PPI therapy showed a significant mean reduction in total vertebra T-score (-0.23 ± 0.42, p < 0.01) and femur T-score (-0.10 ± 0.40, p = 0.03).
  • Lansoprazole group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in L4 and total vertebra T-scores compared to the pantoprazole group (p = 0.04).
  • Esomeprazole group showed a trend towards greater femur T-score reduction than other PPIs, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) leads to a significant decrease in bone mineral density.
  • Close monitoring of bone density is recommended for patients undergoing extended PPI therapy.