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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Activation shift in elderly subjects across functional systems: an fMRI study.

Christian Roski1, Svenja Caspers, Silke Lux

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Brain Structure & Function
|March 5, 2013
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Summary

Brain aging reduces functional specificity, recruiting new areas. This study shows this occurs across different brain systems, not just within one, highlighting the need for cross-system comparisons in aging research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Aging diminishes functional specificity in brain areas, often recruiting additional regions, particularly in the visual system.
  • It remains unclear if this age-related decline in functional specificity extends across different functional systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether reduced functional specificity and increased neural recruitment in healthy aging occur across distinct functional systems.
  • To examine age-by-task interactions in sensory-motor and visual attention systems.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 102 healthy subjects.
  • Assessed two distinct tasks: one engaging the sensory-motor system, the other the visual attention system.
  • Analyzed blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses and neural activity in relation to age and task.

Main Results:

  • A significant age-by-task interaction was observed in the parietal operculum, showing decreased BOLD response to motor tasks and increased activity during visual attention tasks with age.
  • Regions associated with visual tasks, like superior parietal area 7A and dorsal pre-motor cortex, showed the opposite pattern: reduced visual attention activation and increased motor task response with age.
  • Task performance was not correlated with age, suggesting compensatory recruitment across functional domains.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced functional specificity in the aging brain is not limited to single functional domains but occurs across different systems.
  • Increased recruitment of additional brain regions, even those outside the primary task domain, may counteract age-related declines in functional specificity.
  • Cross-domain comparisons are crucial for understanding the full impact of aging on the brain's functional specificity.