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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

A test of the survival processing advantage in implicit and explicit memory tests.

Dawn M McBride¹, Brandon J Thomas, Corinne Zimmerman

¹Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4620, Normal, IL 61790-4620, USA. dmmcbri@ilstu.edu

Memory & Cognition

|March 5, 2013

Summary

The survival processing effect, robust in free recall, was not found in cued implicit or explicit memory tests. This challenges encoding elaboration theories for memory processing.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Experimental Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The survival processing effect enhances memory, particularly in explicit recall and recognition tasks.
This effect has not been consistently observed in implicit memory or cued explicit memory tests.
Prior research suggests potential limitations of the survival effect in certain memory paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the survival processing effect in cued implicit and explicit memory tests.
To determine if the survival effect extends to memory tasks beyond free recall and recognition.
To examine the role of encoding elaboration in the survival processing effect.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted involving 525 participants.
Participants studied words in survival, moving, or pleasantness contexts.
Memory was tested using stem completion and category production tasks for both implicit and explicit memory.

Main Results:

No survival processing advantage was observed across four different memory tasks.
Results replicated previous findings of no survival effect in implicit memory tests.
Similar outcomes were found for both implicit and explicit cued memory tests.

Conclusions:

The survival processing effect is not consistently found in cued implicit and explicit memory tests.
The findings do not support encoding elaboration as the sole explanation for the survival processing effect.
The robustness of the survival effect may be limited to specific memory retrieval conditions.