Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Predicting Epileptic Seizures From EEG Signals Using Machine Learning.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)·2026

Same author

FGF12-Related Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathies: Therapeutic Response to Sodium Channel Blockers.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2026

Same author

Plasmon-enhanced CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells using metal nanoparticle-sensitized nanorod structures.

Applied optics·2026

Same author

A terahertz metamaterial biosensor using nanocrystals for noninvasive urine bilirubin diagnosis.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of <i>SCN8A</i>-Related Disorders: A Retrospective Study From the Gulf Region.

Journal of child neurology·2025

Same author

A potential explanation of the pathophysiology of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI.

Pediatric research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Thyroid synovial sarcoma: a case report.

Ali Ghafouri¹, Taha Anbara, Ali Mir

¹Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Acta Medica Iranica

|March 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a rare thyroid synovial sarcoma in a 44-year-old woman. It highlights that synovial sarcoma can occur in diverse tissues, even without synovial cells, expanding understanding of sarcoma origins.

More Related Videos

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Sarcomas represent approximately 1% of adult cancers, with soft tissue sarcomas being the most prevalent subtype.
Synovial sarcoma accounts for about 10% of all sarcomas, typically originating in para-articular regions of young adults.
Thyroid synovial sarcoma is exceptionally rare, with only two previous documented cases in medical literature.

Observation:

A 44-year-old woman presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.
Initial pathology confirmed a sarcoma, with subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) strongly suggesting synovial sarcoma.

Findings:

This case represents only the third documented instance of thyroid synovial sarcoma in medical literature.
The findings underscore that synovial sarcoma can arise in tissues lacking native synovial cells.

Implications:

This report expands the known anatomical distribution of synovial sarcoma.
Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenesis of extraskeletal synovial sarcomas in diverse locations like the thyroid.